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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Exploring DOM Changes: Live Examples with Mutation Observers</title>
</head>
<body>
  <div id="target" style="background-color: lightgray; padding: 10px;">
    Watch this space for changes!
  </div>
  <button style="margin-top: 10px;" onclick="addNewElement(); changeAttribute();">Add New Element and Change Color</button>
  <div id="log" style="margin-top: 20px;"></div>

// Define configurations for the observer
    const config = { attributes: true, childList: true, subtree: true, attributeOldValue: true };

// Callback function to execute when mutations are observed
    const callback = function(mutationsList, observer) {
      for (const mutation of mutationsList) {
        const message = document.createElement('p');
        if (mutation.type === 'childList') {
          message.textContent = 'A child node has been added or removed.';
          message.style.color = 'green';
        } else if (mutation.type === 'attributes') {
          message.textContent = 'The ' + mutation.attributeName + ' attribute was modified.';
          message.style.color = 'blue';
        }
        document.getElementById('log').appendChild(message);
      }
    };

// Create an observer instance linked to the callback function
    const observer = new MutationObserver(callback);

// Start observing the target node for configured mutations
    observer.observe(targetNode, config);

// Function to add new elements
    function addNewElement() {
      const newElement = document.createElement('div');
      newElement.textContent = 'New element added!';
      targetNode.appendChild(newElement);
    }

// Function to change attributes
    function changeAttribute() {
      const currentColor = targetNode.style.backgroundColor;
      targetNode.style.backgroundColor = currentColor === 'lightgray' ? 'lightblue' : 'lightgray';
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>