Manually raising (throwing) an exception in Python

In Python, you can raise an exception using the raise statement. Here is an example:

try:
    raise Exception("This is an exception")
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

You can also specify the type of exception to raise. For example:

try:
    raise ValueError("Invalid value")
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

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You can also raise an exception with a custom message and include the original traceback information using the from keyword:

try:
    # some code here
except SomeException:
    raise ValueError("Custom error message") from original_exception

Keep in mind that when you raise an exception, the current function execution is interrupted and the control is passed to the nearest enclosing try-except block that handles the exception. If no such block is found, the program will terminate and the exception will be propagated to the caller.

It is a good practice to raise exceptions when something unexpected or invalid occurs in your code, so that the caller can handle the error appropriately.