Understanding the TypeScript Compilation Process

TypeScript, developed by Microsoft, is an open-source language that is a syntactical superset of JavaScript. It adds optional static typing to the language, making it more manageable and predictable. The foremost aspect to understand about TypeScript is how it compiles into JavaScript, thus extending the capabilities of JavaScript.

When you compile a TypeScript file that has no type errors, the output is a JavaScript file with the same functionality. The TypeScript compiler, or tsc, takes your TypeScript code and translates it into JavaScript — a process known as "transpiling."

With static type checking, TypeScript provides a feature that catches errors at compile-time, instead of letting them slip into the run-time. This makes TypeScript a valuable asset in developing larger applications, where you potentially deal with lots of code and variables.

Here's a simple illustrative example:

let message: string = 'Hello TypeScript!';
console.log(message);

Upon compiling the above TypeScript code with no type errors:

tsc message.ts

The output message.js would be:

var message = 'Hello TypeScript!';
console.log(message);

As you can see, the resulting JavaScript file maintains the same functionality as the original TypeScript file. The TypeScript version specified the type of the variable message to be a string, which JavaScript does not inherently do. However, the assignment and subsequent logging of the message variable remains the same in both versions of the code.

The result of this compilation process does not produce an enhanced-performance TypeScript file, an executable binary file, or no output at all, as some might think. TypeScript is not a system-level language like C or C++, so it doesn't compile into binary. And although TypeScript does enhance development performance through its type-checking features, the resultant files are not specifically performance-enhanced TypeScript files.

In conclusion, TypeScript serves as a powerful tool for developers working with JavaScript by enhancing error-checking through static types. Its transpiling process into JavaScript makes it universally applicable across platforms that support JavaScript. Remember that TypeScript is not meant to completely overturn JavaScript but rather to supplement and enhance it. Usage of TypeScript is, therefore, a matter of project-specific preferences and requirements.