Understanding Array Declaration in Java

Arrays are a useful programming concept that allows us to store multiple values of the same type in a single, continuous memory block. In this instance, we are discussing array declaration in Java. Knowing how to properly declare an array is essential for any Java programmer.

According to the question provided, there are two correct ways to declare an array in Java:

1. int[] array = new int[5];
2. int array[] = new int[5];

In both instances, the array declaration starts by specifying the type of the variable (int in this case). This is followed by the array name (array), and the new keyword is used to create a new object.

The number in the square brackets (5 in these examples) denotes the size of the array, which is the maximum number of elements that it can hold. It's important to note that arrays in Java are fixed in size; once you've declared an array, you can't increase or decrease its size.

The difference between the two declarations is purely stylistic. The first method (int[] array = new int[5];) is generally preferred as it makes it clearer that you are declaring an array, but both methods are acceptable in Java.

Practical Application and Best Practices

When using arrays in Java, there are a few best practices you should follow:

1. Use descriptive names for your arrays. This makes your code easier to understand.
2. Always initialize your arrays before use. Attempting to access an uninitialized array will result in a NullPointerException.
3. Use the .length attribute to iterate over the array. This safeguards against IndexOutOfBoundsException errors.

Here's an example of these practices in action:

int[] studentScores = new int[30];             // Using a descriptive name

for(int i = 0; i < studentScores.length; i++) { // Using .length attribute
    studentScores[i] = i;                       // Initializing array
} 

This example declares an array named studentScores that can hold up to 30 int values. Then, with a for loop, we initialize all elements of the array.

In conclusion, understanding how to correctly declare and initialize arrays in Java is an important skill for efficient implementation and execution of algorithms. Regardless of whether you prefer to use int[] array or int array[] style for declaration, the key lies in understanding the concept and utilizing it effectively.